Programs, exercise technique and load planning.
Why athletes get muscle cramps: the neuromuscular theory, the role of fatigue, dehydration, and electrolytes, and the drugs and supplements that raise the risk of spasms.
How to prevent muscle cramps in sport, what to do during a spasm, which tests a doctor orders, and which symptoms call for emergency care.
Rhabdomyolysis in athletes: how excessive exercise, heat, stimulants, statins, diuretics, and alcohol destroy muscle and why it is dangerous for the kidneys.
How to prevent rhabdomyolysis during training, which tests confirm the diagnosis, how to interpret creatine kinase, and when emergency care is needed.
Gastritis in athletes: the role of Helicobacter pylori, gastric ischemia during exercise, NSAIDs, stimulants, alcohol, and supplements in damaging the mucous membrane.
Prevention of gastritis in athletes, diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori and gastroscopy, the 'red flags' of bleeding, and when stomach pain means you need to see a doctor.
Irritable bowel syndrome in athletes: the 'brain–gut' axis, the effect of intense exercise, FODMAPs, sugar alcohols in protein bars, lactose, caffeine, and medications.
Irritable bowel syndrome: how to reduce symptoms during training, the low-FODMAP diet, diagnosis by the Rome criteria, ruling out celiac disease, and alarming signs.
Migraine and post-exercise headache: primary exercise headache, migraine triggers in sport, and the role of dehydration, hypoglycemia, caffeine, NO donors, stimulants, and painkillers.
How to prevent post-exercise migraine: warm-up, hydration, nutrition, a headache diary, diagnosis by ICHD-3, the SNNOOP10 'red flags,' and when a neurologist is needed.
Why athletes get muscle cramps: the neuromuscular theory, the role of fatigue, dehydration, and electrolytes, and the drugs and supplements that raise the risk of spasms.
How to prevent muscle cramps in sport, what to do during a spasm, which tests a doctor orders, and which symptoms call for emergency care.
